Enhancing Digital Learning Outcomes: The Combined Impact of Competence and Psychological Traits

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58524/oler.v5i2.513

Keywords:

Digital Competence, Digital Readiness, Mindfulness, Learning Outcomes, Psychological Traits

Abstract

The rapid shift towards digitalization, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a reassessment of problem-solving strategies in the education system. This study aims to investigate the interactions between Digital Competencies, Psychological Traits, Digital Readiness, and Awareness, and their combined influence on Learning Outcomes. The study utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional design, focusing on university students engaged in digital learning environments in higher education. Data were collected from 467 students through a validated online questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that Digital Competence and Psychological Traits significantly and positively influence Learning Outcomes, both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of Digital Readiness and Awareness. The findings emphasize the need for a holistic approach in education, which integrates technical skills and psychological readiness to enhance academic success in an increasingly digital learning environment. This study also highlights the need for further research with a longitudinal design to explore the long-term effects of digital competency and awareness interventions. Recommendations for future research include examining additional factors such as social support and technology access to further strengthen digital readiness and learning outcomes

References

Lie, A., Mina Tamah, S., - Gozali, I., Retno Triwidayati, K., Sari Diah Utami, T., & - Jemadi, F. (2020). Secondary school language teachers’ online learning engagement during the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 19, 803–832. https://doi.org/10.28945/4626

Abdelfattah, F., ALAlawi, A., Mashaikhya, N. Y. A., & Saleh, A. A. (2023). The effect of emotional intelligence and psychological security on digital learning readiness. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3257657/v1

Aisyah, E. N., Harun, H., & Rohman, A. (2023). Learning through play in early children’s education in Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel’s perspective. In B. B. Wiyono, A. Abusamra, Z. D. Kulidtod, J. N. Bin Yunus, D. E. Kusumaningrum, & O. Kaosaiyaporn (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Management and Technology (ICEMT 2022) (pp. 571–582). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-95-4_66

Alomari, H. (2023). Mindfulness and its relationship to academic achievement among university students. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1179584. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1179584

Cabezas-González, M., Casillas-Martín, S., & García-Valcárcel Muñoz-Repiso, A. (2023). Theoretical Models Explaining the Level of Digital Competence in Students. Computers, 12(5), 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12050100

Cao, J., Bhuvaneswari, G., Arumugam, T., & Aravind, B. R. (2023). The digital edge: Examining the relationship between digital competency and language learning outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1187909. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1187909

Chaw, L. Y., & Tang, C. M. (2022). The relative importance of digital competences for predicting student learning performance: An importance-performance map analysis. European Conference on E-Learning, 21(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.34190/ecel.21.1.582

Chiș, R., Ignat, S., Roman, R., Demeter, E., Chiș, S., Rad, D., & Arion, F. (2024). The influence of educational level on self-efficacy, introversion, and agreeableness: An interpersonal difference analysis. Revista Romaneasca Pentru Educatie Multidimensionala, 16(2), 569–580. https://doi.org/10.18662/rrem/16.2/872

Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7

Digamo, M. C. C., & Abuzo, E. P. (2024). The mediating effect of math resilience on the relationship between math self-efficacy and student engagement in mathematics. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra16057

Fatimah, S., Hidayat, H., Sulistiyono, S. T., & Alhadi, Z. (2023). Digital literacy toward historical knowledge: Implementation of the Bukittinggi city history website as an educational technology. JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 7(4), 2445. https://dx.doi.org/10.62527/joiv.7.4.2224

Febriyanti, D., Sayyida, S., & Alwiyah, A. (2024). Persepsi kualitas dan citra merek dalam memediasi pengaruh e-Wom terhadap minat beli. PERFORMANCE: Jurnal Bisnis & Akuntansi, 14(1), 224–240. https://doi.org/10.24929/feb.v14i1.3353

Furió, D., Juan, M. ‐C., Seguí, I., & Vivó, R. (2015). Mobile learning vs. traditional classroom lessons: A comparative study. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 31(3), 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12071

Guertin, R., Malo, M., & Gilbert, M.-H. (2023). Switching off automatic pilot to promote wellbeing and performance in the workplace: The role of mindfulness and basic psychological needs satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1277416. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1277416

Gugliandolo, M. C., Costa, S., Cuzzocrea, F., & Larcan, R. (2015). Trait emotional intelligence as mediator between psychological control and behaviour problems. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(8), 2290–2300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0032-3

Jarva, E., Oikarinen, A., Andersson, J., Tomietto, M., Kääriäinen, M., & Mikkonen, K. (2023). Healthcare professionals’ digital health competence and its core factors: Development and psychometric testing of two instruments. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 171, 104995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.104995

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016

Kayser, L., Karnoe, A., Duminski, E., Jakobsen, S., Terp, R., Dansholm, S., Roeder, M., & From, G. (2022). Health professionals’ ehealth literacy and system experience before and 3 months after the implementation of an electronic health record system: Longitudinal study. JMIR Human Factors, 9(2), e29780. https://doi.org/10.2196/29780

Kearsley, G., & Shneiderman, B. (1998). Engagement theory: A framework for technology-based teaching and learning. Educational Technology, 38(5), 20-23.

Kini, S., Duluk, D., & Weinstein, J. (2023). Modeling the impact of digital readiness in recruiting and sustaining underrepresented groups: Data from the All of Us research program. Frontiers in Digital Health, 4, 1082098. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.1082098

Li, M., & Liu, L. (2022). Students’ perceptions of augmented reality integrated into a mobile learning environment. Library Hi Tech, 41(5), 1498–1523. https://doi.org/10.1108/lht-10-2021-0345

Lim, T., Gottipati, S., & Cheong, M. L. F. (2023). Ethical considerations for artificial intelligence in educational assessments: In J. Keengwe (Ed.), Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design (pp. 32–79). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0205-7.ch003

Ling, K. C., Cheng, M. L. S., Ling, A. Y. M., Sin, C. K., & Li, Z. (2023). Readiness of digital transformation among Malaysian digital talents. International Journal of Business and Management, 18(4), 161. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v18n4p161

Liswanda, S., Oktavia, R., & Zuhra, R. (2024). Investigating factors influencing poverty with financial literacy and inclusion as mediating variable. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1356(1), 012116. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1356/1/012116

Luthfiyah, L., Suciani, S., & Ruslan, R. (2022). Social sensitivity improvement through collaborative learning models in islamic religious education. Jurnal Tarbiyatuna, 13(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.31603/tarbiyatuna.v13i1.5809

Mondal, H., Mondal, S., Ghosal, T., & Mondal, S. (2019). Using Google Forms for medical survey: A technical note. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology, 5(4), 216–218. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijcep.2018.5.4.26

Morris, B. (2003). The components of the Wired Spanning Forest are recurrent. Probability Theory and Related Fields, 125(2), 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00440-002-0236-0

Nurlia, & Anggo, S. (2023). Student perceptions of lectures blended learning in the biology education study program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk. European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 4(3), 143–148. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2023.4.3.647

Oliynyk, V. V., Gushchyna, N. I., Kondratova, L. H., & Kasian, S. P. (2024). Developing digital competence of teachers in postgraduate education using Google Workspace for education. CTE Workshop Proceedings, 11, 356–380. https://doi.org/10.55056/cte.662

Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. (M. Cook, Trans.). W W Norton & Co. https://doi.org/10.1037/11494-000

Ramadani, F., Darmansyah, D., & Desyandri, D. (2023). Studi literatur: Peran teknologi bagi pendidikan dalam revolusi 4.0. Jurnal IKA PGSD (Ikatan Alumni PGSD) UNARS, 12(2), 247. https://doi.org/10.36841/pgsdunars.v12i2.2605

Sánchez-Canut, S., Usart-Rodríguez, M., Grimalt-Álvaro, C., Martínez-Requejo, S., & Lores-Gómez, B. (2023). Professional digital competence: Definition, frameworks, measurement, and gender differences: A systematic literature review. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2023, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8897227

Saregar, A., Kirana, L. J., Asyhari, A., Anugrah, A., Fitri, M. R., & Panse, V. R. (2024). Technology and digital literacy: Interrelationships and the impact of acceptance with self-regulated learning. E3S Web of Conferences, 482, 04006. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448204006

Sari, D. N., Pratama, N. R., & Nurcahyo, R. (2023). Digital transformation capability maturity framework for digital audit readiness in public sector (Case Study). Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. 4th African International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Lusaka, Zambia. https://doi.org/10.46254/AF04.20230109

Sarva, E., Lāma, G., Oļesika, A., Daniela, L., & Rubene, Z. (2023). Development of education field student digital competences—Student and stakeholders’ perspective. Sustainability, 15(13), 9895. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139895

Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2023). Encouraging advances in the science on mindfulness and compassion in schools: Current research, lingering questions, and future directions. Mindfulness, 14(2), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02070-2

Stoika, O. (2023). Teacher’s digital competence in the european educational discourse. The Modern Higher Education Review, 8. https://doi.org/10.28925/2617-5266.2023.813

Sutardi, S., & Sugiharsono, S. (2016). Pengaruh kompetensi guru, motivasi belajar, dan lingkungan keluarga terhadap hasil belajar mata pelajaran ekonomi. Harmoni Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS, 3(2), 188–198. https://doi.org/10.21831/hsjpi.v3i2.8400

Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257–285. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1202_4

Syahrin, S., Almashiki, K., & Alzaanin, E. (2023). The impact of covid-19 on digital competence. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 14(1). 511-519. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2023.0140156

Tondang, I. S. (2023). Pengaruh pelatihan dan pengembangan serta lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Journal Publicuho, 6(1), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i1.118

Vidal-Meliá, L., Estrada, M., Monferrer, D., & Rodríguez-Sánchez, A. (2022). Does mindfulness influence academic performance? The role of resilience in education for sustainable development. Sustainability, 14(7), 4251. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074251

Vu, H. X. (2023). The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on wellbeing in University Students. International Journal of Psychological Science, 3(1), 6-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijps.20230301.12

Wang, R. (2019). Research on image generation and style transfer algorithm based on deep learning. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 09(08), 661–672. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2019.98053

Downloads

Published

2025-12-15

How to Cite

Enhancing Digital Learning Outcomes: The Combined Impact of Competence and Psychological Traits. (2025). Online Learning In Educational Research (OLER), 5(2), 277-288. https://doi.org/10.58524/oler.v5i2.513