Preparation and Application of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles by Co-precipitation Method for Removal Rhodamine B in Wastewater
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58524/ijhes.v1i3.140Keywords:
Fe3O4, Co-precipitation, magnetism, rhodamine B, wastewaterAbstract
Fe3O4 coated with PEG has been successfully synthesized using co-precipitation method to reduce RhB. From the XRD results, it can be seen that all samples are Fe3O4 with the highest Miller index at (311). The crystallinity of Fe3O4 was maintained even though PEG was added. From the SEM-TEM analysis, it can be seen that the two samples have a uniform size distribution. Then, PEG can increase the dispersibility of the sample. From the FTIR analysis it was confirmed that there was PEG content in Fe3O4. From the results of the VSM analysis, it was confirmed that the sample has nearly superparamagnetic properties with a small  value. Then, Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/PEG were used to remove RhB in water by magnetic separation process. From the results of the study, it was obtained that the optimum absorption occurred in several parameters, namely the initial concentration of RhB at 100 mg/mL, with a pH of 6, the dose of Fe3O4/PEG at 0.8 g/L and a contact time of 40 minutes at room temperature. At this optimum condition, the absorption has a color removal of 31.1%.References
Ai, L., Zeng, C., & Wang, Q. (2011). One-step solvothermal synthesis of Ag-Fe3O4 composite as a magnetically recyclable catalyst for reduction of Rhodamine B. Catalysis Communications. 14, 68–73. https://doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2011.07.014.
Anirudhan, T. S., Jalajamony, S., & Divya, L. (2009). Efficiency of Amine-Modified Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-Grafted Cellulose in the Removal and Recovery of Vanadium(V) from Aqueous Solutions. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 48, 2118–2124. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie8000869.
Antarnusa, G., Denny, Y.R., Suherman, A., Utami, I.S., & Saefullah, A. (2021). The Effect of Additional Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) as Coating Fe3O4 for Magnetic Nanofluid Applications. Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering. 14, 335-346. https://doi.org/10.2174/2405520414666210325122511.
Antarnusa, G., & Suharyadi, E. (2020). A synthesis of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their characteristics for enhancement of biosensor. Materials Research Express. 7, 056103. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab8bef.
Akyol, Ç., Foglia, A., Ozbayram, E.G., Frison, N., Katsou, E., Eusebi, A.L., & Fatone, F. (2020). Validated innovative approaches for energyefficient resource recovery and re-use from municipal wastewater: From anaerobic treatment systems to a biorefinery concept. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 50(9), 869-902. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1634456.
Benalia, M.C., Youcef, L., Bouaziz, M.G., Achour, S., & Menasra, H. (2021). Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater by Chemical Precipitation: Mechanisms and Sludge Characterization. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-05525-7.
Bilgic, A. (2022). Fabrication of monoBODIPY-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B under UV irradiation and the detection and removal of Cu(II) ions in aqueous solutions. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 899, 163360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163360.
Chavan, V.D., Kothavale, V.P., Sahoo, S.C., Kollu, P., Dongale, T.D., Patil, P.S., & Patil, P.B. (2019). Adsorption and kinetic behavior of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution on DMSA functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Physica B: Condensed Matter. 571, 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2019.07.026.
Da, X., Li, R., Li, X., Lu, Y., Gu, F., & Liu, Y. (2022). Synthesis and characterization of PEG coated hollow Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as a drug carrier. Materials Letters. 309, 131357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.131357.
Demirezen, D.A., Yılmaz, Ş., Yılmaz, D.D., & Yıldız, Y.Ş. (2022). Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Ceratonia siliqua L. aqueous extract: Optimization, characterization, stabilization and evaluation of its antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4011560.
Dewi, S.H., & Adi, W.A. (2018). Synthesis and characterization of high purity Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3 from local iron sand. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1091, 012021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1091/1/012021.
Dobaradaran, S., Nodehi, R.N., Yaghmaeian, K., Jaafari, J., Niari, M.H., Bharti, A.K., Agarwal, S., Gupta, V.K., Azari, A., & Shariatifar, N. (2018). Catalytic decomposition of 2-chlorophenol using an ultrasonic-assisted Fe3O4–TiO2@MWCNT system: Influence factors, pathway and mechanism study. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 512, 172–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.015.
Eskandari, M.J., & Hasanzadeh, I. (2021). Size-controlled synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles via an alternating magnetic field and ultrasonic-assisted chemical co-precipitation. Materials Science and Engineering B. 266, 115050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2021.115050.
Frei, E.H., Shtrikman, S., & Treves, D. (1957). Critical Size and Nucleation Field of Ideal Ferromagnetic Particles. Physical Review. 106, 446–455. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.106.446.
Guo, T., Bian, X., & Yang, C. (2015). A new method to prepare water based Fe3O4 ferrofluid with high stabilization. Physica A. 438, 560–567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2015.06.035.
Iorio, E.D., Colombo, C., Cheng, Z., Capitani, G., Mele, D., Ventruti, G., Angelico, R. (2019). Characterization of magnetite nanoparticles synthetized from Fe(II)/nitrate solutions for arsenic removal from water. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 7, 102986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.102986.
Jabbar, K.Q., Barzinjy, A.A., & Hamad, S.M. (2022). Iron oxide nanoparticles: Preparation methods, functions, adsorption and coagulation/flocculation in wastewater treatment. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management. 17, 100661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2022.100661.
Janani, B., Al-Mohaimeed, A.M., Raju, L.L., Farraj, D.A.A. Thomas, A.M., & Khan, S. S. (2021). Synthesis and characterizations of hybrid PEG-Fe3O4 nanoparticles for the efficient adsorptive removal of dye and antibacterial, and antibiofilm applications. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 19, 389–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00612-1.
Jesus, A.C.B., Jesus, J.R., Lima, R.J.S., Moura, K.O., Almeida, J.M.A., Duque, J.G.S., & Meneses, C.T. (2020). Synthesis and magnetic interaction on concentrated Fe3O4 nanoparticles obtained by the co-precipitation and hydrothermal chemical methods. Ceramics International. 46, 11149–11153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.135.
Jiao, Y., Wan, C., Bao, W., Gao, H., Liang, D., & Li, J. (2018). Facile hydrothermal synthesis of Fe3O4@cellulose aerogel nanocomposite and its application in Fenton-like degradation of Rhodamine B. Carbohydrate Polymers. 189, 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.028.
Karaagac, O., & Koçkar, H. (2022). Improvement of the saturation magnetization of PEG coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 551, 169140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169140.
Karimi, S., & Namazi, H. (2021). Fe3O4@PEG-coated dendrimer modified graphene oxide nanocomposite as a pH-sensitive drug carrier for targeted delivery of doxorubicin. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 879, 160426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160426.
Kurniawan, A.V., Daud, A., & Sirajuddin, S. (2018). Risk Analysis Toxic Materials Borax and Rhodamine- B in Snack Against Primary School Children's Health in Housing Area of Tamalanrea Permai Makassar. ICHSM 18: Proceedings of the International Conference on Healthcare Service Management 2018. 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1145/3242789.3242795.
Leng, Y., Guo, W., Shi, X., Li, Y., & Xing, L. (2013). Polyhydroquinone coated Fe3O4 nanocatalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B based on sulfate radicals. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 52, 13607–13612. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie4015777.
Moosavi, S., Lai, C.W., Gan, S., Zamiri, G., Pivehzhani, O.A., & Johan, M.R. (2020). Application of Efficient Magnetic Particles and Activated Carbon for Dye Removal from Wastewater. ACS Omega. 5, 20684−20697. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c01905.
Namikuchi, E.A., Gaspar, R.D.L., Silva, D.S., Raimundo, I.M., & Mazali, I.O. (2021). PEG size effect and its interaction with Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by solvothermal method: morphology and effect of pH on the stability. Nano Express. 2, 020022. https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959X/ac0596.
Ojemaye, M.O., & Okoh, A.I. (2019). Multiple nitrogen functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient adsorbent: synthesis, kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies for the removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution. Scientific Reports. 9, 9672. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45293-x.
Peng, L., Qin, P., Lei, M., Zeng, Q., Song, H., Yang, J., Shao, J., Liao, B., & Gu, J. (2012). Modifying Fe3O4 nanoparticles with humic acid for removal of Rhodamine B in water. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 209–210, 193–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.0.
Qian, L., Peng, J., Xiang, Z., Pan, Y., & Lu, W. (2019). Effect of annealing on magnetic properties of Fe/ Fe3O4 soft magnetic composites prepared by in-situ oxidation and hydrogen reduction methods. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 778, 712e720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.184.
Ramesh, A.V., Devi, D.R., Botsa, S.M., & Basavaiah, K. (2018). Facile green synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Zanthoxylum armatum DC for efficient adsorption of methylene blue. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies. 6(2), 145-155, https://doi.org/10.1080/21870764.2018.1459335.
Rangabhashiyam, S., Lins, P.V. S., Oliveira, Leonardo M.T.M., Sepulveda, P., Ighalo, J.O., Rajapaksha, A.U., & Meili, L. (2022). Sewage sludge-derived biochar for the adsorptive removal of wastewater pollutants: A critical review. Environmental Pollution. 293, 118581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118581.
Ruiz, A., AlpÃzar, A., Beola, L., Rubio, C., Gavilán, H., Marciello, M., Ramiro, I.R., Ciordia, S., Morris, C.J., & Morales, M.P. (2019). Understanding the Influence of a Bifunctional Polyethylene Glycol Derivative in Protein Corona Formation around Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Materials. 12, 2218. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/ma12142218.
Salman, A.D., Juzsakova, T., Ãkos, R., Ibrahim, R.I., Al-Mayyahi, M.A., Mohsen, S., Abdullah, T.A., & Domokos, E. (2021). Synthesis and surface modification of magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles and its application in uptake of scandium (III) ions from aqueous media. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 28, 28428–28443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12170-4.
Seal, P., Alam, A., Borgohain, C., Paul, N., Babu, P.D., & Borah, J.P. (2021). Optimization of self heating properties of Fe3O4 using PEG and amine functionalized MWCNT. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 882, 160653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160653.
Shen, Y.F., Tang, J., Nie, Z.H., Wang, Y.D., Ren, Y., & Zuo, L. (2009). Preparation and application of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles for wastewater purification. Separation and Purification Technology. 68, 312–319. https://doi.org/0.1016/j.seppur.2009.05.020.
Shen, Y.F., Tang, J., Nie, Z.H., Wang, Y.D., Ren, Y., & Zuo, L. (2009). Tailoring size and structural distortion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for the purification of contaminated water. Bioresource Technology. 100, 4139–4146. https://doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.004.
Sobeh, E.I., Amin, R., Saleh, H.M., Ali, S.E., & ElFeky, S.A. (2022). Evaluation of the radio-protective role of PEG-Fe3O4 NPs on γ-irradiated male Wistar rats. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management. 17, 100620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100620.
Song, Y., Li, Y., Teng, Z., Huang, Y., Chen, X., & Wang, Q. (2018). Size-Controlled Synthesis of Carboxyl-Functionalized Magnetite Particles: Effects of Molecular Weight of the Polymer and Aging. ACS Omega. 3, 17904−17913. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02351.
Sultan, M.T., Al-Lami, H.S., & Al-Dujiali, A.H. (2019). Synthesis and characterization of alumina-grafted acrylic acid monomer and polymer and its adsorption of phenol and p-chlorophenol. Desalination and Water Treatment. 50, 192–203. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.23593.
Suharyadi, E., Alfansuri, T., Handriani, L.S., Wibowo, N.A., & Sabarman, H. (2021). Detection of Fe3O4/PEG nanoparticles using one and two spin-valve GMR sensing elements in wheatstone bridge circuit. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 32, 23958–23967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06859-6.
Veisi, H., Moradi, S.B., Saljooqi, A., & Safarimehr, P. (2019). Silver nanoparticle-decorated on tannic acid-modified magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4@TA/Ag) for highly active catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, Rhodamine B and Methylene blueMaterials Science & Engineering C. 100, 445–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.036.
Wang, Z., Wu, D., Wu, G., Yang, N., & Wu, A. (2013). Modifying Fe3O4 microspheres with rhodamine hydrazide for selective detection and removal of Hg2+ ion in water. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 244–245, 621–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.050.
World Health Organization. (2000). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic (No. 894). World Health Organization.
Yongsheng, Y., He, L., Xu, J., Li, J., Jiang, S., Han, G., Jiang, B., Lei,
W., Yang, W., & Hou, Y. (2022). A facile solution phase synthesis of directly ordering monodisperse FePt nanoparticles. Nano Research. 15, 446–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3499-4.
Zhang, D., Cui, S., & Yang, J. (2017). Preparation of Ag2O/g-C3N4/Fe3O4 composites and the application in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 708, 1141e1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.095.
Zhang, H., Liu, X.L., Zhang, Y.F., Gao, F., Li, G.L., He, Y., Peng, M.L., & Fan, H.M. (2018). Magnetic nanoparticles based cancer therapy: current status and applications. Science China Life sciences. 61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-017-9271-1.
Zhang, Y., Su, P., Weathersby, D., Zhang, Q., Zheng, J., Fan, R., Zhang, J., & Dai, Q. (2020). Synthesis of γ-Fe2O3-ZnO-biochar nanocomposites for Rhodamine B removal. Applied Surface Science. 501, 144217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144217.
Zhu, H. Y., Fu, Y.Q., Jiang, R., Jiang, J.H., Xiao, L., Zeng, G.M., Zhao, S.L., & Wang, Y. (2011). Adsorption removal of congo red onto magnetic cellulose/Fe3O4/activated carbon composite: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Chemical Engineering Journal. 173, 494–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.08.020.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Foundae (Foundation of Advanced Education)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
