Environmental Sustainable Utilization of Agricultural Waste–Based Sterilization for White Oyster Mushroom Cultivation: An FTIR Study of Optical Vibrational Properties

Irzaman; Erni Apriliana; Ridwan Siskandar; Heriyanto Syafutra; Renan Prasta Jenie; Marina Indriasari; Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli; Nazopatul Patonah Har; Muammar Mohamad Isa

doi:10.58524/ijhes.v5i1.1005

Authors

Irzaman Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6447-3726
Erni Apriliana Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University
Ridwan Siskandar Computer Engineering Technology, IPB University Vocational School https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2911-3108
Heriyanto Syafutra Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-4590
Renan Prasta Jenie Graduate Department of Public Health, Binawan University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-5844
Marina Indriasari Graduate Department of Public Health, Binawan University
Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5833-8037
Nazopatul Patonah Har Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-4316
Muammar Mohamad Isa Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Pauh Putra Campus, Universiti Malaysia Perlis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3622-276X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58524/ijhes.v5i1.1005

Abstract

This study investigates the environmentally sustainable use of agricultural waste–based sterilization in white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation and its influence on mycelial optical vibrational properties. A small-scale industrial rice husk furnace was employed as an eco-friendly and low-cost sterilization system, providing an alternative to conventional fossil fuel–based energy sources. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was used as the growth medium, while different sterilization levels were applied to obtain uncontaminated media and high-quality mycelial growth. Three sterilization levels were systematically analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to evaluate optical behavior at various cultivation stages. The optical properties of the mycelium were assessed through Longitudinal Optical (LO) and Transverse Optical (TO) vibrational modes derived from FTIR spectra. The results indicate that increasing the sterilization level leads to a consistent shift of both LO and TO modes toward higher wavenumbers, reflecting changes in molecular bonding and structural characteristics of the mycelium. Furthermore, longer boiling durations at 102 °C using the rice husk furnace resulted in higher transmittance values, attributed to the partial evaporation or reduction of certain organic compounds within the mycelium. Comparative analysis among cultivation stages shows that the planting spawn (F2) exhibits lower transmittance than the spreading spawn (F1), while the pure culture (F0) demonstrates the highest transmittance. These differences are closely related to variations in mycelial density, with F2 having the greatest mass per unit volume. Overall, the findings confirm that agricultural waste–based sterilization supports environmentally sustainable mushroom cultivation while significantly affecting the optical and structural properties of mycelium.

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