The Power of Public Service Motivation as Mediator: Strengthening Servant Leadership and Organizational Culture to Achieve Employee Performance?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58524/smartsociety.v5i1.735Keywords:
Public service motivation, Servant leadership, Organizational culture, Employee performanceAbstract
Public service motivation is fundamental to the essence of public service. It is supported by the role of servant leadership and organizational culture which are promoted by Indonesian government to enhance employee performance. This study aims to determine the influence of public service motivation mediation on employee performance through servant leadership and organizational culture in Government Educational Organizations (GEO). Data collected through online questionnaire distributed cross-sectionally, and 272 employees of GEO located in Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi participated. The relationship between variables was analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 3. This study finds that public service motivation should be developed in order to improve employee performance through the implementation of organizational culture and servant leadership. Combining servant leadership, organizational culture, and public service motivation allows employees to follow the leader in a supportive environment and perform at their highest level, which helps the organization succeedReferences
Alonso, P., & Lewis, G. B. (2001). Public Service Motivation and Job Performance: Evidence From the Federal Sector. American Revie of Public Administration, 31(4), 363–380.
Bellé, N. (2013). Experimental Evidence on the Relationship between Public Service Motivation and Job Performance. In Public Administration Review (Vol. 73, Issue 1).
Budiman, R. Y. (2013). The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Public Service Motivation on Employee Performance. International Journal of Financial Economies, 1(5), 1–571.
Cabinet Secretary of the Republic of Indonesia. (2021). Presiden: Pelayanan Publik Wajah Konkret Kehadiran Negara dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat. https://setkab.go.id/presiden-pelayanan-publik-wajah-konkret-kehadiran-negara-dalam-kehidupan-masyarakat/
Ding, M., & Wang, C. (2024). Relationship between leadership style and public service motivation: A meta-analysis. Social Behaviour and Personality, 52(2).
Fan, Y., Blalock, E. C., & Lyu, X. (2022). A meta-analysis of the relationship between public service motivation and individual job performance: cross-validating the effect of culture. International Public Management Journal, 25(7), 1115–1130. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2022.2072425
Gencer, G., Atay, H., Gurdogan, A., & Colakoglu, U. (2023). The relationship between organizational culture, organizational silence and job performance in hotels: the case of Kuşadasi. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(1), 70–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-01-2021-0001
Goodman, S. A., & Svyantek, D. J. (1999). Person-Organization Fit and Contextual Performance: Do Shared Values Matter 1. In Journal of Vocational Behavior (Vol. 55). http://www.idealibrary.comon
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Annabel Ainscow. www.cengage.com/highered
Hair Jr, J. F., M.Hult, G. T., M. Ringle, C., Sarstedt, M., P. Danks, N., & Soumya, R. (2021). Review of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. In Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Vol. 30, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2022.2108813
Hassan, S., Ansari, N., & Rehman, A. (2022). An exploratory study of workplace spirituality and employee well-being affecting public service motivation: an institutional perspective. Qualitative Research Journal, 22(2), 209–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-07-2021-0078
Huang, W. L. (2022). Changes in public service motivation: Can public administration education help cultivate it? International Review of Administrative Sciences, 88(4), 1176–1191. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523211024334
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of Partial Least Squares (PLS) in Strategic Management Research: A Review of Four Recent Studies. In Source: Strategic Management Journal (Vol. 20, Issue 2). https://www.jstor.org/stable/3094025
Hutabarat, W. (2015). Investigation of teacher job-performance model: Organizational culture, work motivation and job-satisfaction. Asian Social Science, 11(18), 295–304. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n18p295
Kalia, N., & Bhardwaj, B. (2019). Contextual and Task Performance: Do Demographic and Organizational variables matter? Rajagiri Management Journal, 13(2), 30–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/ramj-09-2019-0017
Kassem, R., Ajmal, M., Gunasekaran, A., & Helo, P. (2019). Assessing the impact of organizational culture on achieving business excellence with a moderating role of ICT An SEM approach. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(1), 117–146. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-03-2018-0068
Lee, H. J., Oh, H. G., & Park, S. M. (2020). Do Trust and Culture Matter for Public Service Motivation Development? Evidence From Public Sector Employees in Korea. Public Personnel Management, 49(2), 290–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026019869738
Leisink, P., & Steijn, B. (2009). Public service motivation and job performance of public sector employees in the Netherlands. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75(1), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852308099505
Liu, W., & Zhao, L. (2022). Servant leadership and work performance of public servants: Exploring the mediating role of public service motivation and job satisfaction. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 32(4), 334–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2022.2075626
Miao, Q., Eva, N., Newman, A., & Schwarz, G. (2019). Public service motivation and performance: The role of organizational identification. Public Money and Management, 39(2), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2018.1556004
Mishra, S. S., & Hassen, M. H. (2023). Servant leadership and employee’s job performance: the role of public service motivation in Ethiopian public sector organizations. International Journal of Public Leadership, 19(1), 64–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-05-2022-0025
Moynihan, D. P., & Pandey, S. K. (2007). The Role of Organizations in Fostering Public Service Motivation Published by : Wiley on behalf of the American Society for Public Administration Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/4624539 Motivation and the Workplace The Role of Organizations in Fo. Public Administration Review, 67(1), 40–53.
National Civil Service Agency’s Public Relation. (2021). Kepala BKN: ASN Harus Memiliki Passion Melayani. https://www.bkn.go.id/kepala-bkn-asn-harus-memiliki-passion-melayani/
Pandey, S. K., Wright, B. E., & Moynihan, D. P. (2012). Pulling the Levers: Transformational Leadership, Public Service Motivation, and Mission Valence. Public Administration Review, 72(2), 206–215.
Peraturan Menteri PANRB Nomor 6 Tahun 2022 Tentang Pengelolaan Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara, 155 Berita Negara Republik Indonesia 1 (2022).
Perry, J. L., & Vandenabeele, W. (2015). Public Service Motivation Research: Achievements, Challenges, and Future Directions. Public Administration Review, 75(5), 692–699. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar
Prasojo, E., & Holidin, D. (2018). Leadership and Public Sector Reform in Asia. In Public Policy and Governance (pp. 53–83). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2053-769720180000030003
Pujiono, B., Setiawan, M., Sumiati, & Wijayanti, R. (2020). The effect of transglobal leadership and organizational culture on job performance - Inter-employee trust as Moderating Variable. International Journal of Public Leadership, 16(3), 319–335. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-11-2019-0071
Sihombing, S., Astuti, E. S., Al Musadieq, M., Hamied, D., & Rahardjo, K. (2018). The effect of servant leadership on rewards, organizational culture and its implication for employee’s performance. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(2), 505–516. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-12-2016-0174
Tang, H., An, S., Zhang, L., Xiao, Y., & Li, X. (2024). The Antecedents and Outcomes of Public Service Motivation: A Meta-Analysis Using the Job Demands–Resources Model. In Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 14, Issue 10). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14100861
Tuan, L. T. (2016). How servant leadership nurtures knowledge sharing: The mediating role of public service motivation. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 29(1), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-06-2015-0112
Ugwu, C. I., & Ejikeme, A. N. (2023). Knowledge management, organizational culture and job performance in Nigerian university libraries. IFLA Journal, 49(1), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/03400352221103896
van Dierendonck, D., & Nuijten, I. (2011). The Servant Leadership Survey: Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Measure. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(3), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9194-1
Vandenabeele, W. (2009). The mediating effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on self-reported performance: More robust evidence of the PSM - Performance relationship. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75(1), 11–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852308099504
Wright, B. E., Christensen, R. K., & Pandey, S. K. (2013). Measuring Public Service Motivation: Exploring the Equivalence of Existing Global Measures. International Public Management Journal, 16(2), 197–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2013.817242
Zhang, Y., Zheng, Y., Zhang, L., Xu, S., Liu, X., & Chen, W. (2021). A meta-analytic review of the consequences of servant leadership: The moderating roles of cultural factors. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 38(1), 371–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-018-9639-z
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with the Smart Society: Community Service and Empowerment Journal retain all of the copyrights in their work. Smart Society: Community Service and Empowerment Journal, collaborates with with researchers from many countries as the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions, or statements are published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the are the sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.
Smart Society: Community Service and Empowerment Journal ( e-ISSN: 2807-5757 ) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
Authors who publish with Smart Society: Community Service and Empowerment Journal agree to the following terms:
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA).

Smart Society: Community Service and Empowerment Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
