Developing a Traditional Wela Maka Game-Based Throwing Skills Assessment Instrument for Elementary School Students

Yanuarius Ricardus  Natal; Bernabas     Wani; Fulgensius Elpianus  Kira

doi:10.58524/6j67qy97

Authors

Yanuarius Ricardus Natal STKIP Citra Bakti, Indonesia
Bernabas Wani STKIP Citra Bakti, Indonesia
Fulgensius Elpianus Kira STKIP Citra Bakti, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58524/6j67qy97

Keywords:

Instrument Skills, Physical Education, Throwing Skills, Traditional Games, Wela Maka

Abstract

Fundamental movement skills are central to elementary school physical education, yet throwing assessments often emphasize outcomes while giving limited attention to movement processes and culturally familiar activity contexts. This study developed a throwing-skill assessment instrument integrated with the traditional Wela Maka game for elementary school students. A Research and Development (R&D) approach adapted from the Borg and Gall model included product analysis, literature and field study, development planning, internal design testing, expert validation, revision, limited-scale testing, main field testing, and final refinement. Data were collected through observation, interviews, expert-validation questionnaires, and the developed assessment sheets and analyzed descriptively using percentages and qualitative feedback. Expert validation averaged 90.83%, the limited-scale trial 88.12%, and the main field trial 92.68%. The findings support the instrument’s feasibility and practicality for observing throwing processes and outcomes in a game-based context. The final product includes Wela Maka procedures, throwing-skill indicators, an assessment rubric, scoring guidance, and teacher instructions. Because inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were not comprehensively examined, the results represent developmental feasibility and usability rather than complete psychometric validation.

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