The Impact of Hand Grip and Sit-and-Reach Exercises in Children Aged 6 to 7 Years

Authors

  • Jiang Wen Ming Children's Sports Ability Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Malaysia. http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3759-9753
  • Ahmad Alhussin Alali Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Malaysia http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7057-9028
  • Nor Fazila Abd Malek Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Malaysia http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-228X
  • Nor Ikhmar Madarsa Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Malaysia. Negeri Sembilan Football Club, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-8001
  • Mohd Hafizuddin Baki Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Malaysia. Education department, Anti-Doping Agency of Malaysia, Ministry of Youth and Sports, Malaysia. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-765X
  • Nur Ikhwan Mohamad Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching, Sultan Idris Education University, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Malaysia. Perak Sports Council, Ipoh, Jalan Ghazali Jawi, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8392-8274

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58524/002023227200

Keywords:

Hand Grip, Flexibility, Sit-And-Reach, Physical fitness.

Abstract

It has been suggested that grip strength can predict physical fitness in children and adults. The overall plan of this study is to validate this conclusion. The study analyzed the correlation between hand grip strength and sit-and-reach in 70 children aged 6-7 years to gain insight into the correlation between grip strength and sit-and-reach. Descriptive statistics were used in the study to find out the mean scores and differences in these exercises. The correlation between hand grip strength and sit-and-reach flexibility was also explored using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed the correlation coefficient between hand grip strength (mean±sd=5.46±3.75) and sit-and-reach flexibility (mean±sd=8.25±5.28) was 0.078, indicating a weak positive correlation (p more than 0.05). The study's results suggest that grip strength is not a valid predictor of physical dexterity in seated forward bends in the 6-7-year-old children age group. As suggested in previous studies, grip strength can predict physical fitness in children, such as a strong correlation between grip strength and physical flexibility, lung function, muscular endurance, and physical stability. However, from the results, grip strength is not a reliable predictor of physical flexibility. We need to validate further the predictive role of grip strength for other physical fitness indicators. This is a very important validation for us to develop children's physical fitness assessment programs more efficiently in the future.

References

Abe, A., Sanui, R., Loenneke, J. P., & Abe, T. (2023). One-year hand-grip strength change in kindergarteners depends upon physical activity status. Life, 13(8), 1665. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081665

Behan, S., Belton, S., Peers, C., O'connor, N. E., & Issartel, J. (2022). Exploring the relationships between fundamental movement skills and health related fitness components in children. European Journal of Sport Science, 22(2), 171-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1847201

Castro-Piñero, J., Ortega, F. B., Artero, E. G., Girela-Rejón, M. J., Mora, J., Sjöström, M., & Ruiz, J. R. (2010). Assessing muscular strength in youth: usefulness of standing long jump as a general index of muscular fitness. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(7), 1810-1817. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddb03d

Chu, C.-H., Chen, F.-T., Pontifex, M. B., Sun, Y., & Chang, Y.-K. (2019). Health-related physical fitness, academic achievement, and neuroelectric measures in children and adolescents. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(2), 117-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1223420

Cornish, K., Fox, G., Fyfe, T., Koopmans, E., Pousette, A., & Pelletier, C. A. (2020). Understanding physical literacy in the context of health: a rapid scoping review. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1569. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09583-8

Hryvniak, D., Wilder, R. P., Jenkins, J., & Statuta, S. M. (2021). Therapeutic Exercise. In Braddom's Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (pp. 291-315.e4). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-62539-5.00015-1

Inal, Ö., Keklicek, H., Karahan, M., & Uluçam, E. (2023). Postural stability and flexibility responses of yoga training in women: Are improvements similar in both sexes? Health Care for Women International, 44(6), 718-733. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2022.2061971

Kobayashi-Cuya, K. E., Sakurai, R., Sakuma, N., Suzuki, H., Yasunaga, M., Ogawa, S., Takebayashi, T., & Fujiwara, Y. (2018). Hand dexterity, not hand-grip strength, is associated with executive function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatrics, 18(1), 192. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0880-6

Kokko, S., Martin, L., Geidne, S., Van Hoye, A., Lane, A., Meganck, J., Scheerder, J., Seghers, J., Villberg, J., Kudlacek, M., Badura, P., Mononen, K., Blomqvist, M., De Clercq, B., & Koski, P. (2019). Does sports club participation contribute to physical activity among children and adolescents? A comparison across six European countries. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(8), 851-858. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818786110

Lee, J. H., Lee, J. M., Jeong, H. S., & So, W.-Y. (2022). Estimating Ideal Sleep Duration by Physical Fitness in South Korean Adults: A Correlational Epidemiological Study. SAGE Open, 12(3), 215824402211230. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221123040

Lindsay, K. G., Lockie, R. G., Orr, R. M., Alvar, B. A., Kornhauser, C., Holmes, R. J., & Dawes, J. J. (2021). Exploring associations between physical fitness tests and a law enforcement specific Physical Ability Test using principal components analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(23), 2642-2648. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1949135

Lopes, V. P., Stodden, D. F., Bianchi, M. M., Maia, J. A. R., & Rodrigues, L. P. (2012). Correlation between BMI and motor coordination in children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(1), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.07.005

Mahmoud, A. G., Elhadidy, E. I., Hamza, M. S., & Mohamed, N. E. (2020). Determining correlations between hand grip strength and anthropometric measurements in preschool children. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 15(1), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.01.002

Malm, C., Jakobsson, J., & Isaksson, A. (2019). Physical Activity and Sports-Real Health Benefits: A Review with Insight into the Public Health of Sweden. Sports, 7(5), 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050127

Masini, A., Marini, S., Gori, D., Leoni, E., Rochira, A., & Dallolio, L. (2020). Evaluation of school-based interventions of active breaks in primary schools: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(4), 377-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.008

Matsudo, V. K. R., Matsudo, S. M., Rezende, L. F. M. de, & Raso, V. (2014). Força de preensão manual como preditor de aptidão física em crianças e adolescentes. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, 17(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2015v17n1p1

Noyes, F. R., & Barber-Westin, S. (2019). Return to Sport for Soccer and Basketball. In Return to Sport after ACL Reconstruction and Other Knee Operations (pp. 383-419). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22361-8_17

Nurul Shahida, M. S., Siti Zawiah, M. D., & Case, K. (2015). The relationship between anthropometry and hand grip strength among elderly Malaysians. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 50, 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2015.09.006

Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., & Sjöström, M. (2008). Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. International Journal of Obesity, 32(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803774

Saunders, T. J., MacDonald, D. J., Copeland, J. L., Longmuir, P. E., Barnes, J. D., Belanger, K., Bruner, B., Gregg, M. J., Hall, N., Kolen, A. M., Law, B., Martin, L. J., Sheehan, D., Stone, M. R., Woodruff, S. J., & Tremblay, M. S. (2018). The relationship between sedentary behaviour and physical literacy in Canadian children: a cross-sectional analysis from the RBC-CAPL Learn to Play study. BMC Public Health, 18(S2), 1037. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5892-9

Sciaraffa, M. A., Zeanah, P. D., & Zeanah, C. H. (2018). Understanding and Promoting Resilience in the Context of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Early Childhood Education Journal, 46(3), 343-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0869-3

Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., Bellon, C. R., & Stone, M. H. (2018). The Importance of Muscular Strength: Training Considerations. Sports Medicine, 48(4), 765-785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0862-z

Sugiyama, T., Whitney, D. G., Schmidt, M., Haapala, H., Bowman, A., Peterson, M. D., & Hurvitz, E. A. (2023). Measuring grip strength in adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy in a clinic setting: Feasibility, reliability, and clinical associations. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 0(0) 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15662

Tulchin-Francis, K., Stevens, W., Gu, X., Zhang, T., Roberts, H., Keller, J., Dempsey, D., Borchard, J., Jeans, K., & VanPelt, J. (2021). The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on physical activity in U.S. children. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 10(3), 323-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2021.02.005

Wichelhaus, A., Harms, C., Neumann, J., Ziegler, S., Kundt, G., Prommersberger, K. J., Mittlmeier, T., & Mühldorfer-Fodor, M. (2018). Parameters influencing hand grip strength measured with the manugraphy system. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 19(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-018-1971-4

Zhang, X. S., Liu, Y. H., Zhang, Y., Xu, Q., Yu, X. M., Yang, X. Y., Liu, Z., Li, H. Z., Li, F., & Xue, C. Y. (2017). Hand-grip Strength as a Predictor of Nutritional Status in Chinese Elderly Inpatients at Hospital Admission. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 30(11), 802-810. 10.3967/bes2017.108

Downloads

Published

2023-11-26

How to Cite

Ming, J. W., Alhussin Alali, A., Abd Malek, N. F., Madarsa, N. I., Baki, M. H., & Mohamad, N. I. (2023). The Impact of Hand Grip and Sit-and-Reach Exercises in Children Aged 6 to 7 Years. Journal of Coaching and Sports Science, 2(2), 86-92. https://doi.org/10.58524/002023227200