International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for National Defense
International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for National Defense [e-ISSN: 2985-9352, p_ISSN: 2986-0776] is a journal published by the Foundation of Advanced Education. International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Sciences, and Technology for National Defense is an independent, interdisciplinary and international journal which is mainly concerned with the National Defense, Security, and Resilience issues cover both military and non-military domains. App.Sci.Def. aims to bridge the gap between theoretical and practical development, thereby contributing to the academic and practitioner communities. Authors are invited to submit articles that have not been previously published and are not being considered elsewhere. We are grateful for the support and constributions from researchers and scholars that allow us to continue sharing valuable knowledge.
Towards a standard framework for cybersecurity readiness for Nigerian universities
niversities rely substantially on digital infrastructure and host vast amounts of data that are of interest to malicious actors. Thus, they are vulnerable to cyber-attacks, making their protection a significant issue. While technology continues to improve, educational system infrastructures and system security lag behind. However, to ensure the continuous availability of university digital assets, the infrastructure must be prepared to withstand cyber-attacks. The results of research indicate that several models exist for evaluating the readiness of universities for cybersecurity. These models have been established for developed nations with more sophisticated and mature cyber networks, and may not be directly applicable to developing economies like Nigeria. Therefore, the Design Science Research strategy was adapted to develop a framework for assessing cybersecurity readiness in Nigerian universities. Taking into account pre-event, event management, and post-event factors, the concept of Cybersecurity Readiness Tiers (CRT) was developed to compare the cybersecurity readiness of universities. The Cybersecurity Readiness Framework was evaluated using data collected from candidate universities sampled for this study; Principal Component Analysis was carried out on the dataset to reduce the dimension. The Cybersecurity Readiness Index (CRI) scores, along with their respective distributions, indicate that 14 (65%) of the twenty universities fall in T1, while 6 (35%) fall in T2. The grouping was based on their overall cybersecurity readiness, as computed using the mathematical equations of the framework. Thus, it implies universities in T2 have a high level of readiness to resist cybersecurity incidents, while universities in T1 are at a very low level of readiness due to the weak and inconsistent cybersecurity controls implemented. This study suggests that these universities have gaps in event management and post-event capabilities that require attention. Therefore, a holistic web-based Cybersecurity Assessment tool that will incorporate all security and privacy regulations and best practices can be considered for future studies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Olusegun Hamed Olugbile, J. A. Ojeniyi, Tochukwu Kene Anyachebelu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Shielding innovation for health security: A PHITS-based optimization of Portland material for proton therapy
Proton therapy is an advanced treatment method for cancer that uses protons to irradiate tumors with high precision. However, the high energy of protons requires effective shielding to protect the surrounding environment and personnel from radiation exposure. In this research, the radiation shielding performance of Portland material was evaluated using the PHITS version 3.351 simulation software. The study focuses on assessing the attenuation of radiation within the cyclotron room under various operational conditions. The effectiveness of radiation shielding made from Portland material in a 230 MeV, 300 NA cyclotron room for a proton therapy facility was investigated. The results from PHITS simulations provide insights into the potential of Portland material in reducing radiation levels in proton therapy rooms, contributing to the safety and efficiency of such facilities. This analysis is essential for optimizing shielding design and ensuring compliance with safety regulations in proton therapy facilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Damar Adhiwidya Suyanto, Aditya Tri Oktaviana, Mikael Syväjärvi, Yohannes Sardjono, Gede Sustresna Wijaya, Isman Mulyadi Triatmoko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cybersecurity and AI as enablers of economic resilience: A framework for sustainable growth in developing countries
Digital transformation offers unprecedented opportunities for sustainable economic growth in developing countries. However, these benefits are accompanied by increased cybersecurity risks and challenges in integrating emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI). This paper proposes a conceptual framework that positions cybersecurity and AI as dual enablers of economic resilience aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8). The framework comprises three interconnected pillars: cybersecurity infrastructure, AI-driven economic transformation, and AI-enhanced cybersecurity mechanisms. A case study of Sudan illustrates how tailored interventions can foster secure, inclusive, and resilient digital economies in low- and middle-income contexts. The study highlights the importance of ethical governance, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and capacity building to maximize the benefits of AI while mitigating risks. Future research directions include empirical validation and policy experimentation to refine the framework and accelerate digital-led economic resilience in the Global South.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ali Siraj Ahmed, Rahmat Budiarto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Ministry of Defense Hospital, RSPPN Soedirman Jakarta
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma gene is known to play a role in T2DM pathogenesis, but its polymorphism profile in Indonesian patients remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PPAR-γ gene of T2DM patients at Rumah Sakit Pusat Pertahanan Negara (RSPPN) Soedirman Jakarta using adaptive sampling with nanopore sequencing. Eighteen DNA samples that passed quality control were analyzed using UGENE v52.1. A total of 26 SNPs were identified in 8 subjects, including C161T, which has a reported protective effect in T2DM. The clinical significance of the remaining SNPs remains unclear. This study provides initial insights into genetic variation in T2DM, which may contribute to personalized medical strategies for military personnel and support the development of a more resilient national defense health system by improving disease prevention and management in high-risk populations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luluk Sakdiyyah, Apip Hadi, Yustinus Maladan, Syahrul Tuba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Vision stick: An intelligent assistive device to support soldier mobility in visually impaired conditions
The Vision Stick is an innovative assistive device designed to enhance the mobility and independence of visually impaired individuals by integrating AI-powered vision models and ultrasonic sensors into a traditional white cane. Visually impaired individuals face significant challenges in navigating their surroundings, often relying on conventional mobility aids that lack advanced environmental awareness. To address this, the Vision Stick operates in two modes: an online AI vision mode and an offline ultrasonic mode. In online mode, a camera and AI algorithms analyze the surroundings, providing real-time voice descriptions of obstacles, landmarks, and hazards, improving navigation and safety. In offline mode, an ultrasonic sensor detects nearby objects and provides audio feedback, ensuring uninterrupted guidance without internet access. The device retains the familiar structure of a white cane while incorporating lightweight embedded components for ease of use. By combining AI-driven environmental awareness with ultrasonic obstacle detection, the Vision Stick enhances safety, confidence, and autonomy for visually impaired individuals in diverse environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muthumanickam K, Logeshwaran V, Sanjay B, Simon Marshal I https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film photovoltaics: A sustainable energy solution to support national energy resilience
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is one of the most promising materials in thin-film solar cell technology; however, its application faces challenges related to efficiency limitations and environmental risks. This study aims to evaluate the performance characteristics, environmental impact, and sustainability potential of CdTe in Solar Power Plant, known in Indonesia as Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) applications. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing more than 40 scientific articles and industrial reports published over the last 15 years, covering efficiency, material availability, recycling strategies, and lifecycle assessments. The results indicate that commercial CdTe modules achieve efficiencies between 7–10%, while laboratory devices exceed 22%. CdTe demonstrates superior performance under high temperatures and low-light conditions, but concerns remain regarding cadmium toxicity and the limited availability of tellurium. The study concludes that CdTe holds significant potential as a cost-effective and efficient solar technology, provided that robust recycling systems and responsible material sourcing practices are implemented.
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa Mutiara Putri Abdul, Adhi Kusumadjati, Gustav Irgi Aldhiantoro, Dinda Rahma Dewi, Moh. Hisni Alfan Baarik, Cornelia Victoria Anghel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluating multiple time series models for consumer price index forecasting to support national defense decision-making
Price stability, as reflected in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), plays a crucial role in supporting economic resilience and national defense readiness. This study evaluates multiple time series forecasting models, including Error-Trend-Seasonal (ETS), Holt, Holt–Winter, SARIMA, SARIMAX with exogenous variables, and hybrid approaches combining Holt/Holt–Winter with SARIMA, to identify the most accurate method for predicting Indonesia’s CPI. Monthly data from 2017–2022 were analyzed using a training–testing split, and forecasting accuracy was assessed based on RMSE. The results show that the Holt–Winter model outperforms all other approaches, achieving the lowest RMSE value of 1.9159. Residual diagnostics confirm that the Holt–Winter model effectively captures trend and seasonal patterns, with errors behaving close to white noise. These findings highlight the superiority of Holt–Winter in providing reliable CPI forecasts, offering significant implications for economic policy formulation and strategic planning in the context of national resilience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Yusuf Al Habsy, Ro'fah Nur Rachmawati, Jumadil Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Power and performance analysis of UUV motor systems with torpedo capabilities using to support the indonesian navy's maritime operations
Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) play a crucial role in modern naval operations, particularly in Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) and Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW). Their stealth and long-range capabilities provide strategic advantages, yet extended missions pose significant challenges due to power limitations. This study proposes a novel approach to predicting and managing UUV battery capacity for missions lasting up to 30 days. Utilizing OpenModelica, we simulate various operational scenarios by modeling the Direct Current Permanent Magnet (DCPM) motor and its interaction with propulsion systems under different mission profiles including patrol, standby, and attack phases to estimate power consumption and optimize endurance. The results demonstrate key strategies for enhancing UUV autonomy and operational flexibility through advanced power management. These findings contribute to the development of more efficient UUV systems capable of prolonged underwater missions with minimal recharging.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gustav Irgi Aldhiantoro, Kuntjoro Pinardi, Adhi Kusumadjati, Annisa Mutiara Putri Abdul, Dinda Rahma Dewi, Moh. Hisni Alfan Baarik, Endah Kinarya Palupi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Zero trust framework for protecting federal networks and cloud services
There has been a rapid uptake of cloud technologies in public sectors due to increased efficiency across operations while increasing the complexity of cyber threats. This paper analyses the original Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) concept as a security concept applicable to federal networks and cloud services protection. It mainly involves linking ZTA principles with FedRAMP regulations and insists on constant validation, minimisation of rights, and breach presumption. The study outlines guidelines for ZTA implementations for compliance and readiness in the cloud environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sudheer Kotilingala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Enhancing digital resilience through GEN-AI driven video content moderation and copyright protection
In the digital era, ensuring digital resilience in video content moderation and copyright enforcement is crucial due to the vast volume of uploads. Traditional manual review methods are inefficient, necessitating AI-driven automation. This paper presents an AI-powered system integrating computer vision, deep learning, and NLP for real-time video analysis. The system detects inappropriate content using CLIP for visual moderation and Whisper for speech analysis, ensuring high-precision filtering with human oversight. A copyright protection mechanism employs watermarking and fingerprinting to generate unique digital signatures, preventing unauthorized content usage. A React-based UI with Vite framework provides an interactive reviewer experience. By combining automation with human intervention, this approach enhances moderation accuracy, copyright enforcement, and compliance with global content standards, fostering a more secure and resilient digital ecosystem. This system enhances digital resilience and security, making it applicable for defense and national security in protecting sensitive content.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muthumanickam K, Kathirvel T, Harish Vishnu K, Mukesh Rajan N https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Bibliometrix research of noise removal techniques in digital images for defense
In modern defense applications, the accuracy and clarity of digital images are crucial, especially for tasks like surveillance, reconnaissance, and intelligence gathering. However, noise introduced during image acquisition or transmission significantly degrades image quality. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various noise removal techniques employed in digital image processing for defense systems. The review focuses on both linear and non-linear methods, including matrix decomposition, hybrid deep learning, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and trimming filters. Emphasis is placed on the effectiveness of each technique in enhancing image quality while preserving critical details. The use of linear and non-linear methods such as deep learning-based approaches is shown to outperform traditional linear filters in handling complex noise patterns, particularly in scenarios requiring precise object detection and image restoration. The paper highlights a comprehensive overview of the researched literature and shows the latest trends and developments in the field. Finally, recommendations for future research and the development of more robust noise reduction methods are provided, aiming to improve operational effectiveness in defense applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fulkan Kafilah Al Husein, Muhammad Yusuf Al Habsy, Damaris Nugrahita Christi, Agnes Emanuela Hutagaol, Ahmad Kadri bin Junoh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Rice distribution optimization using initial basic feasible and modified solution to increase food security in West Java
Rice is one of the main commodities needed by more than 95% of developing countries, including Indonesia. High population growth that is not accompanied by sufficient rice production will lead to many problems such as malnutrition, famine, and economic crisis, so the availability of rice in Indonesia is the main focus in food security. Farmer welfare is one of the factors in increasing rice production. But in reality, farmers are often constrained by the high cost of distributing rice. As one of the largest rice producing regions in Indonesia, optimisation of rice distribution costs in West Java needs to be done. the process of optimising rice distribution costs can be done using the transportation method. The transportation method is carried out in 2 stages, namely obtaining the initial solution and the optimal solution. Initial Basic Feasible Solution (IBFS) as one of the approaches in obtaining the initial solution works by considering the average value of new unit costs and columns. As for obtaining the optimal solution, MODI is used, which calculates the opportunity cost of cells that are not given a distribution allocation to assess the optimality of the table. Optimisation of rice distribution using IBFS and MODI resulted in an initial solution of Rp 27,259,921600 and an optimal solution of Rp 27,259,921600 with the Bandung area as the area that supplies the most rice in West Java.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fachri Al Aziz Putrandi, Divacha Vicha Mollie, Atmadi, Julio Rivaldo Sembiring, Abdul Fakhar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Preliminary study of dynamic modeling based on quaternion analysis for tricopter drone
Recently drone was used in many aspects, especially on military operation. Drone type three rotor, namely tricopter, was used for surveillance with stability motion needed too well operating. This study examines the dynamical aspects of a tricopter. A quaternion-based transformation method is developed to transition between reference coordinate systems. It forms a mathematical foundation for modeling tricopter dynamics. The quaternion formulation used as a mathematical tool to obtain equation of motion in translational and rotational. The result show that the derived equations provide a quaternion-based framework for modeling the tricopter's motion, enabling singularity-free transformations and accurate translational and rotational dynamics for real-time flight control and stability. These models form the basis for advanced navigation systems, offering precise trajectory planning and attitude control. Further research should focus on advanced control strategies, aerodynamic effects, and experimental validation to optimize tricopter’s performance.
Copyright (c) 2024 Agya Sewara Alam, Adhi Kusumadjati, Aditya Tri Oktaviana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Anti-kyphosis smart bag detection of overweight bag load and improper spinal posture in army members when using work bags
Heavy field equipment owned by soldiers such as backpacks unknowingly makes soldiers move with the wrong body posture when in the field. Carrying a bag with a heavy load and the wrong posture (slouching), can cause abnormalities in the spine, such as slouching (kyphosis). Therefore, a posture therapy is needed with the method of habituation using a work bag with a load not exceeding 15 percent of the user's body weight and using it with the correct posture. This therapy / habituation is of course carried out outside of field training hours that do not ignore the use of heavy loads, for example in the office or anywhere else when carrying a bag. Seeing this, researchers are trying to create and develop an anti-kyphosis smart bag that can prevent and treat spinal deformities. After making the system, this smart bag was then tested quantitatively with the aim of seeing the qualification of the system's ability to detect excess bag weight, if the weight of the bag exceeds 15 percent of the user's body weight and the ability of the system to detect improper posture seen from the sensitivity level of the load cell sensor based on its placement position in the back area. The test was conducted on three respondents who were selected based on their height, namely 170 cm, 175 cm, and 182cm. The system calibration results show that the system works accurately, with a measuring error of 0% and effective sensor placement between the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis areas of the back, with the ability to detect a bend angle of at least 24.7°. Seeing the effectiveness of this anti-kyphosis smart bag, it is hoped that it can be a smart solution for TNI members in maintaining spinal posture to avoid kyphosis due to the habit of carrying excessive loads with the wrong body posture.
Copyright (c) 2024 Agung Hirawan, Muhammad Rey Renoult, Diyan Parwatiningtyas, Iqbal Ahmad Dahlan, Adhi Kusumadjati, Jofim Yordaniel Napitupulu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Unmanned aerial vehicle classification and detection system based on deep learning, internet of military things, and PID control system
Indonesia is an archipelagic country situated between two continents and two oceans. With numerous islands, it is rich in natural resources but faces various military and non-military threats. One significant threat to maritime nations like Indonesia is from the air, which includes direct attacks from manned and unmanned aircraft and using aerial vehicles for intelligence and surveillance. The primary weapon system is crucial for national defense against such threats. Therefore, developing defense equipment in Indonesia must align with technological advancements to ensure quick and efficient operation. This research focuses on creating a classification and reconnaissance system for flying vehicles to enhance air defense capabilities. In the surveillance system, two servos are used for yaw and pitch axes, controlled by a Proportional, Integrative, and Derivative (PID) system. This PID control significantly improves servo movement both dynamically and statically. The system sends notifications via Telegram for monitoring, with an average FPS of 9.6. Flask is used for the website interface, averaging 6.8 FPS, and MIT App Inventor is used for the smartphone interface, averaging 7.6 FPS. This flying vehicle classification and reconnaissance system enhances Indonesia's air defense, utilizing YOLOv8 for classification, PID control for servo movements, and integrated notifications and interfaces for both web and smartphones.
Copyright (c) 2024 Azka Versantariqh Lesmana, Iqbal Ahmad Dahlan, Hendrana Tjahjadi, Setya Widyawan Prakosa, Muhammad Azka Firdaus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The conceptual model to improve failure risk management water distribution system using ordinary differential equation model to support water resilience in military residential facilities
Water resilience is still big problem in Indonesia. In border and underdeveloped areas in Indonesia, the use of water sources is still considered not resilience. Especially in military context, where water needs are bigger and also more fundamental, this water resilience problem demanding a comprehensive solution. To address this issue, this research proposes the use of ordinary differential equations as a mathematical tool to model the dynamics of system damage over time, consumption, maintenance scheme, water crisis scheme, and other factors affecting water distribution resilience in military facilities. This journal presents a conceptual model of failure risk management water distribution system using a differential equation model approach to support water resilience. Specifically, the derivation of failure equation in the “reliability and maintenance system technical” textbook will be the basic reference for generating mathematical model. It is used because our model will be focused in improving failure risk management. By using the model, there are a lot of problem will be tackled such as Identify and manage failure risks in the water supply system, design an efficient water distribution maintenance scheme, and predict how strong the system to face water crisis. But before the model applied, the prediction of model will be tested by applying it in form of computer program. The case study of this research will be focused in testing the model in form of computer program with some simplicity and assumption. Through this approach, it is expected to find solutions that improve water usage efficiency, support the well-being of military personnel, and contribute to national water resilience to bolster national defense especially in case of water crisis happened. This research holds significant benefits for scientific advancement by providing a conceptual model that can serve as a reference for future research. It has the potential to make a tangible contribution but also still need so much development especially for application in real data, adding others variables that can be included for next research, conducting the interpretation, and better defining the measurement boundaries.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fulkan Kafilah Al Husein, Muhamad Syazali, Suhaila Saidat, Nursyiva Irsalinda, Fajri Farid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Insights into latent tuberculosis biomarkers from differential gene expression analysis in CD8 memory cells using secondary data Insilico approach
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, significantly impacting infectious disease mortality and morbidity. In the quest for effective diagnostic tools and precise treatment strategies, differential gene expression (DEG)-based biomarkers offer a promising avenue. These biomarkers provide specific insights into disease states and treatment responses by deciphering gene alterations within body cells. In this study, we aimed to identify immunological signatures associated with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in memory T cells. Leveraging transcriptomic analysis, we examined memory CD8 T cells from individuals with latent TB (NCBI-GEO GSM2643205) and healthy controls (NCBI-GEO GSM2643198). Our findings highlight candidate biomarker genes—LDB1, ZNF121, and STAT6—whose differential expression could significantly enhance our understanding of CD8 T cell genetic regulation during latent TB infection. These results hold promise for the development of more accurate biomarkers for diagnosing latent tuberculosis.
Copyright (c) 2024 Atmadi, Tiara Rahayu, Indah Kusuma Wardani, Reihana Marsha Cahyani Elsadi, Azizah Eka Milasari, M. Ridwan Amarullah Witadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
There are two sources of vitamin D, namely from food and sun exposure. The content of vitamin D is given beneficial in bone and mineral metabolism. Vitamin D helps absorption of calcium in the intestines, thereby accelerating bone mineralization. Bone metabolism is a complex process that occurs throughout life. Very high doses of vitamin D can stimulate an increased rate of bone loss. Vitamin D deficiency causes bone demineralization. Which can cause a decrease in calcium absorption. The functions of these metabolites vary widely in vital metabolic pathways. This review aims to determine the specific function of vitamin D in bone. The search for the data base was carried out by the analytical method. Vitamin D which is absorbed from food or comes from the skin turns into an active form in the form of 1,25- (OH) 2-D3 which will enter the bloodstream, playing an important role in bone and extra-skeletal health.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dennisa Putri Ramadhani, Hammanda AD, Salsabila Azzahra, Akbar Rizkyadsyah, Anis Ulayya, Miftahul Huda Fendiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The effect of refugia on prey-predator model with parasite infection
This study examines the impact of prey-hiding behavior on predator-prey dynamics within theoretical and mathematical ecology. We conduct both analytical and numerical analyses to explore the effects of protection on these dynamics. Our model divides the prey population into two subclasses: susceptible prey (S(t)) and infected prey (I(t)), changing over time. Utilizing a Holling's model type-1, we find that the trivial equilibrium of the model is unstable, while both the disease-free and disease equilibrium points are stable. These simulations provide insights into the characteristics of animals in natural environments.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fitri Nur Azizah, Annisa Risda Alivia, Habban Riawan Syahrul Haz, Ubaidullah Yashkun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Modeling suspected malaria cases in Papua province with second order Besag-York-Mollie 2 spatial regression
The number of malaria cases in Indonesia has increased in recent years. The highest malaria cases in Indonesia are in the eastern region, namely Papua Province, where in 2021 there were 86,022 cases. This study aims to model suspected malaria cases in Papua using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) approach. Modelling is carried out with two different orders to see the difference in determining the best results. The results showed that second-order spatial modelling provides better results than first order modelling because the RMSE value is smaller than the first-order model. Based on these results, it is concluded that the INLA approach with second-order spatial modelling is effective for analysing and predicting suspected malaria cases in Papua. Therefore, these results can be used as a reference in developing malaria control strategies in the region.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kirana Azzahra, Ro'fah Nur Rachmawati, Muhamad Syazali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Clinical cases of paronychia infection: A narrative review
Paronychia is an infection that occurs in the nail fold and the barrier between the nail and cuticle, is usually caused by penetrating trauma, which allows pathogens to infect and cause damage. The infection is caused by chemical factors, such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria, and risk factors, such as occupation, allergies, and finger-biting habits. Paronychia is a common nail infection that can significantly impact quality of life and work productivity, especially in certain occupations. Paronychia infection was differentiated by two categories, acute and chronic infection. The lack of knowledge regarding the prevention, cure, and rehabilitation of paronychia infection in Indonesia is the cause of the increasing cases of this infection. This review aims to provide knowledge for the Indonesian public and an opportunity for health workers to explore paronychia cases in Indonesia. The data in this paper were retrieved from 32 articles from 2014 - 2024 from PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus. Articles were selected based on relevance to clinical cases of paronychia in humans, focusing on diagnosis, treatment and outcomes. Then, evaluate the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of paronychia using narrative review. Found that acute paronychia results from trauma or infection, while chronic cases are often caused by fungi. Treatment in acute paronychia is done with warm soaks and oral antibiotics, while chronic requires long-term topical corticosteroids and antifungal treatments. This review analyzes clinical cases of acute and chronic paronychia to evaluate their causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Further research is needed to advance the knowledge and treatment of paronychia infections.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sadina Tahara Jusivani, Indah Kusuma Wardani, Tiara Rahayu, Nastiti Intan Permata Sari, Fumito Maruyama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Prototype smart integrated fire detection based on deep learning YOLO v8 and IoT (internet of things) to improve early fire detection
The high incidence of fires in Indonesia in 2018-2023 is 5,336 fire incidents have caused many deaths and enormous material losses. This system is designed to identify early signs of fire through object detection and sensor technology, which is integrated with the Blynk IoT platform for real-time sensor monitoring and Telegram for instant notifications to users. The waterfall prototype method was designed through observation, system design, program code creation, tool testing, and tool implementation. This research uses Deep Learning YOLOv8 technology and IoT using ESP 32 as a microcontroller. Based on the training datasets, it produces precision=0.95872; recall=0.91; mAP50=0.97; mAP50-95 =0.66. The system uses the integration of a multisensor KY-026 flame sensor, DHT 22 temperature and humidity sensor, and MQ-2 sensors can detect CO, LPG, and smoke gas. All these multisensors can be monitored on Blynk IoT and Telegrambot in real time.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Azka Firdaus, Iqbal Ahmad Dahlan, H A Danang Rimbawa, Muhammad Azka Versantariqh, Setya Widyawan Prakosa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Linear mixed model approach: The effect of poor people & unemployment rate on various types of crime in 34 provinces in Indonesia
Currently, Indonesia faces serious challenges related to increasing crime rates throughout the country. Various types of crime, such as increasing drug cases, increasingly concerning violations of decency, and disturbing acts of fraud, embezzlement, and corruption, have become a major concern for society and the government. In this context, this research plays an important role in efforts to understand the factors that drive the growth of crime and pursue the vision and mission of Indonesia Emas 2045, which sets targets to reduce poverty to reach zero percent. The main focus of the research is to link poverty and unemployment rates with three key types of crime that affect Indonesia's future. In this study, we try to understand how poverty rates and unemployment rates affect these types of crime in 34 provinces in Indonesia. The study used a statistical method called Linear Mixed Model with the support of R software. Of the 27 models analyzed, several models had a significant impact. The data used in this study was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The results of this study provide valuable insights into the factors influencing crime in Indonesia, which in turn can be used as a basis for designing more effective policies in an effort to achieve the vision and mission of Indonesia Emas 2045.
Copyright (c) 2024 Atmadi, Nieldy R Tarigan, I Putu Aditya Brama Putra Cakra Negara, Najlaa Syalaisa, Muhammad Iqbal Al-Banna Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Simulation of calculation of combat vehicle fuel efficiency by reducing vehicle weight using aluminum material
In the contemporary landscape, combat vehicles are tasked with meeting multifaceted demands, ranging from fortified defense capabilities to enhanced operational versatility and lethal efficacy. At the crux of these requirements lies the pivotal challenge of managing vehicular weight, a parameter that profoundly impacts endurance, agility, and speed. Extensive research endeavors have shed light on aluminum as a compelling solution to mitigate this weight burden while ensuring the requisite durability in combat vehicles. Through the utilization of MATLAB simulations, this study endeavors to elucidate the correlation between mass reduction and fuel efficiency, culminating in the creation of a comparative graph. The findings of this research make a significant contribution by demonstrating that a 15 percent reduction in vehicle mass, equivalent to 324 kilograms through the substitution of conventional materials with aluminum, yields substantial fuel savings amounting to 13.36 percent, or 1.3 liters. Such insights underscore the pivotal role of material selection in optimizing fuel efficiency in combat vehicle design
Copyright (c) 2024 Jofim Yordaniel Napitupulu, Riri Murniati, Adhi Kusumadjati, Agung Hirawan, Mochamad Ibnu Alwan, Ramandasoavina Blanchard https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Identification of Mineral Zircon (ZrSiO4) Rare Earth Metal (REM) As Smart Material For Electric Tactical Motor Bike Battery
Rare earth metals are associated minerals that are magnetic used as the main component in providing power to most electronic devices. Rare earth metal (REM) as a smart material that has 14 chemical elements. These elements are grouped according to their molecular weight, namely light rare earth metals (Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu) and heavy rare earth metals (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tr, Tm, Yb, Lu) . The use of this REM includes electric cars, health identification devices, LCDs and computer hardware. From some of the benefits and contents of REM, its development is not only in the industrial world but also in the world of defense, one of which is as a battery for motorized vehicles developed by the ministry of defense (Electric Tactical Motor Bike) that uses lithium batteries as a source of electrical energy. However, the use of lithium batteries which have shortcomings in terms of charging makes them look for other alternatives so that they can be charged optimally, one of which is using REM. The strategic position of rare earth minerals in the future must be developed so that they can be used sustainably, considering that Indonesia has potential resources that can be utilized.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dimas Prayogo, Riri Murniati, Chutiwat Likitaporn https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Using 3D design technology and a combination of carbon fiber and 16% HGM epoxy resin, female troops are wearing bulletproof vests
Women are becoming more active in the defense industry. Since the morphology of the female body differs from that of the male during military activities, it is required to modify personal protection equipment to accommodate the female body shape. According to a literature review, a survey of a sample of female soldiers from different nations revealed that they felt the impacts of breast soreness when running, as well as a sense of "distorted breasts" and breathing difficulties. The woman's petite frame and the bulky, hefty bulletproof jacket both draw criticism for their respective dimensions. Using 3D design technology, a female mannequin with a 95B breast size was scanned in order to create a bullet-proof vest that is tailored to the contour of a woman's body. Changes in the breast's contour, which affect changes in the surface point parameters, result in adaptive breasts. Utilizing a combination of carbon fiber and 16 percent HGM epoxy, bullet-proof vests can be modified to provide lightweight dimensions and have the benefit of good ballistic resistance. This results in a material that is 20 mm for thick, 1,348 kg in weight, and capable of absorbing 348.27 Joules of energy from bullets. The results of this research are not optimal, so developments are needed in further research.
Copyright (c) 2024 Agnes Sprakezia Lubis, Sovian Aritonang, Raditya Faradina, Vishal R Panse https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Times series data analysis: The Holt-Winters model for rainfall prediction In West Java
Time series data analysis is used to analyze data that considers time and data characteristics to predict future events. One of the time series data is rainfall data. Rainfall data has a seasonal pattern because there is a pattern that repeats itself over a certain period. Data analysis that considers the characteristics of seasonal patterns is the Holt-Winters method. The Holt-Winters model is divided into two, namely additive and multiplicative models. This research aims to compare the Holt-Winters additive and multiplicative methods to see the accuracy in predicting rainfall data in West Java. The additive model has level parameter I±=0,435, trend parameter I²=0, seasonal parameter I³=1, and RMSE value 140,174. The multiplicative model has level parameter I±=0,936, trend parameter I²=0, seasonal parameter I³=0,247, and RMSE value 150,020. The additive model has a smaller RMSE value so it can predict future rainfall with greater accuracy.
Copyright (c) 2024 Eko Primadi Hendri, Sarah Fadhlia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Approximation of BPS Skyrme model using modified Lagrangian Skyrmion
One of the nuclear atomic models represented by Skyrmion was the Skyrme model. This model was a modified nonlinear sigma model with a Skyrme field where the classical solution use generalized sixth order terms and potential terms. The binding energy that will be studied in the Skyrme SU(2) model is to generalize the second order nonlinear sigma model terms with sixth order derivative terms. The Lagrangian will be obtained for these two terms to find the BPS (Bogomolny Prasad Sommerfield) solution for the profile function numerically. The result of numerical calculation will be used to calculate static energy and rotational energy, where the characteristic of the nucleus can be observed from these two energies. Furthermore, the value of the coupling constant in the Lagrangian Skyrmion will be calculated from the static energy and rotational energy obtained previously. These values are expected to help in the application of Skyrme model for many research physics field.
Copyright (c) 2023 Aditya Tri Oktaviana, Abdul Rahman Alfarasyi, Truong Gia Huy, Khazali Fahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A review of polymer composite materials in bulletproof vest to defense sector
Personal protection, especially in the context of military protection and security, became a major focus in the development of bulletproof vests. Polymer composite materials offer a wide range of advantages in terms of strength, density, and ability to reduce the kinetic energy of projectiles, making them an attractive choice for such protection applications. This study examines the different types of polymers and composite technologies used in the manufacture of bulletproof vests. This study examines the use of polymer composite materials in the manufacture of bulletproof vests used in the defense sector. We evaluate the mechanical, thermal, and ballistic properties of these materials and investigate the design approaches applied to improve the performance of these protectors. The research proved that the composite was efficient enough to be used as a bulletproof vest material because it was light, flexible and strong.
Copyright (c) 2023 Olivia Thresnayu Cahayaputri, Riri Murniati, Sovian Aritonang, Aditya Tri Oktaviana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A development of high sensitivity magnetic sensor based on giant magnetoresistance with simple implementation on smartphone
In this paper, the magnetic field-based sensor that can connect with smartphones through Bluetooth connectivity was developed. The design of this high sensitivity magnetic sensor system used Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors in the form of SOIC8 with AA002-02 series from NVE Corp. The results obtained from the measurements show that the sensor is able to work well when connected to an Android-based smartphone. Measurements were carried out by placing a magnet with a magnetic field strength of 0.4 T in the direction of the sensitivity plane of the GMR sensor. The result showed that the closer the magnet distance relative to the GMR sensor the more voltage signal output from the sensor. Since this developed method is simple but effective for detecting position of magnetic object, the further development of this method will be benefit for many applications.
Copyright (c) 2023 Adhi Kusumadjati, Sony Wardoyo, Agung Hirawan, Mochamad Ibnu Alwan, Ramandasoavina Blanchard https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0